1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
/ 5  
  
(    )
  : 3   :100
:     -     ,            
       
-
1.           
2.     -    ?     .
-
3. -        
4.          
-
5.         
2
Easy2Siksha
6.                      ? -
      
-
7.              
8.            -    
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
/ 5  
  
(    )
  : 3   :100
:     -     ,            
       
-
1.           
: 1950                 
,                 
 ,   '   ,          
      '         ,   '
,      ,   -     
                   
    , -      
 
       :
1. -  :        :  
()   ()         
 ,           '   
  ,        ,   -  
    
4
Easy2Siksha
2.    :            
  ,            
      ,         

            
        ,    
      
3.    :         
    ,          -   
 ,    ,          -
          ,      
   
 
4.    :            
        ,        
  ,       ,       
          
    "" 
,
           
5.     :          
     ,  -      
 ',       ,      , 
            
 
      :
            
              " 
"  ,           
 
       ,          
   ,        

          :
       ,          
   
1.  '  :         '
              
      ,         
,           
 
2.     :            
                

5
Easy2Siksha
          ,    
      
           ,
                ,
        

3.   :            
    ,    
      
       -   ,   '  
          -   '   
  ,    ,  ,        
    
4.    :             
        
     ,
                  
                
 
5.  :        - 
    
               
,        ,         ,
              ,
             
  ,      
   :
     ,      -    
                 
  '          ,  
          '       
   -            
              ,   
 '         ,        
,        ,       
   
,          
 :
                  
                  
             ,  
     
            
6
Easy2Siksha
   ,    ,          
  ,              
    
2.     -    ?     .
:     
   
       
                    , 
      '  ,   '    ()  
                  
'         ,       ,   
                  
    
1.     (...)  
                  
             ,     
  ,            
 
       
         
,           '       
2.       (HDI)
     (HDI)      (UNDP)    
             :
    :         
 
:            
      
:      (GNI)     ,  -
          
   ,            
        
      
  
   ,      , 
      
 
,            
7
Easy2Siksha
3.   
                0  1 
,  0   
  (      )  1   
 
  (      )      
    ,      '     
                 

4.  
              
  (         $1.90  ) 
  
        ,          
       
  
5.       
                 '
    ,           
               
       , 
        
              
  
6.     
  (,  ),  (, ),    (,   )
                 
                 
               
     
  
 ,       
7.       
              
        ,      
 
                  
, 
              
8.      
              ,      

    ,      ,     ,     ,
                    
8
Easy2Siksha
'    ,   ,       
 
9.        
                
              ,   
     
       
    
                  
  
10.    
                   
      ,    ,    
                 
               
       
11. -     (MPI)
-   UNDP         ,  ,
,           '     
      MPI        , 
            
12.     
        '   ,       
 ,  ,  , ,     , ,
         '         
          
,       
   
13.    (FDI)
                  
              
   ,
   
 ,        
  , ...     '          
               

    -                
  ,              
9
Easy2Siksha
                
       ,        HDI,  ,  MPI
, ,                 
   .     '   ,     
              
      
-
3. -        
: -             
   ,               
       '     1940          
    '     ,           
   ' -      
-        
                '    
     ( , - )    ,   ,  
              '   :
1.   (S):              ,
           
2. -   (K/Y): 
        
     (   , , )     

        ,     
3.      :       
 ,    , 
          
 
    
-     ()            :
  (S)
10
Easy2Siksha
-  (K/Y)
               -  
        ,        
    ,  -          
       ,      
      
   ,                   
             ,     
     -   ,      
           ,     
  
                
        
        ,
           
       
       
       
    , -      '  :
1.  -  :     -    
   ,   ,          
     ,     
2.         :          
  ,      ,         
         
  
3.      :    '         
   (, )         
,  
     
4.       
:  , ,  
          ,       
   
   
 -             , 
               
     ,        -     
 '   
     ,  -   
11
Easy2Siksha
-        -         
 
,       ,   '        
               
            ,   
        
 ,-  ,            
            
       
 ,    -      
     -     ,         
    ,  ,            
4.          
:   ,  ,   ,     
        ,   '       
          '  ,      
     ,     
1.  :
o ,   :     ,   
          ,   
   ,      
           ,  
      
  
 ,   
 
o  :          
      
    (  , )   
   (  , ),        
   ,       ,  
  "  "  
o  :          
 '  
,         
  
          '
   ,         
       
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Easy2Siksha
2.       :      
              ,   
(  )         ,        
    ,             
" "         ,    
             ,  
      
3.        :     ,  
   ,             
            (     
      ),        
          . ,   
      ,         ,     ' 
  ,        
4.  :          
"  "                
                 
     ,     '  ,    
 ,      ,    ,  
       
5.          :
o  :     '   
        
         
   ,           
        
o     :         
           '    
     '       ,
      ,      
    ,            
 
                 
,   '            (, ,
)            ,      , 
   ,  
             
          
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Easy2Siksha
  ,      ,        
         ,     
       
-
5.         
:   ,  ,   ,     
        ,   '       
          '  ,      
     ,     
1.  :
o ,   :     ,   
          ,   
   ,      
           ,  
      
  
 ,   
 
o  :          
      
    (  , )   
   (  , ),        
   ,       ,  
  "  "  
o  :           
 '  
,         
  
          '
   ,         
       
2.       :       
               , 
  (  )         ,     
       ,           
  " "         , 
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                ,
        
3.        :     ,  
   ,             
            (     
      ),        
          . ,   
      ,         ,     ' 
  ,        
4.   :          
 "  "               
                  
     ,     '  ,    
  ,      ,    ,  
       
5.          :
o  :      '   
        
         
   ,           
        
o     :         
           '    
     '       ,
      ,      
    ,            
 
                 
,   '            (, ,
)            ,      , 
   ,  
             
          
  ,      ,        
         ,     
       
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6.                      ? -
      
:            
                
 '   ,             ,  
     ,    
     
    
            
1.   :      ,     
           ,  
   ,         

2.    :       '  
  ,    -     
           ,    
    
3.      :           (
    ),        
               
                
4.      :        ' 
               
 ,    '       
,     '        
5.    :         '   ,
              
,   ,           
        
6.     :     , - 
-            
      ,        
  
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7.       :    
    ,   
      
           '   
 
      
1.      :      ' 
          
   
           
,             
  '    ,   '    
     
2.      :      , 
            
        -        
    (SMEs),         , 
 '       
3.      :         
         ,   
,             
                 
         
4.     :    , ,  
               
         ,      
         
5.  : SMEs        ' 
           ,   
    ,      ,    '
            
           
6.       :  ,     ,  
          
 (EPAs)         
           , ,      
 
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Easy2Siksha
7.      :       ,   
 ,   ,           
           ,     
           
8.      :       
 -               
            
  
9.       (R&D):  R&D      
        ,      
                  '
              ,    
 
       
        '   ,   
              ,
             ' 
  
  SMEs,           
    , , ,          
                
          
   ,             
    ,      ,   , 
          ,     
                 
 ,        
 
                 
     
 ,          
              
         

          ,    
,              ' 
 ,   ,          
       ,  ,  ,  ,
      -       ,
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Easy2Siksha
               
           '   
-
7.              
:        
          ,     , 
               
            '  ,   
 ,               
        
1.     
                  
     ,     '   
                  
             ,  
        ,           
 ,         
    -          , 
      '  
            
,  
, ,       ,  

                  
 
2.       
     '         , 
                
            , 
                 
    
      
  
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Easy2Siksha
  ,          ,        
    
3.     
            ,     
               
   
              
  ,   ,         
                ' 

 
 ,   ,     '   ,   

                 
                  
 
4.      
    
           
                  
      
,         , 
      ,            
   ,    
    -  ' 
 
   ,                 
    -     ,      
           
   
5.       
   ,       ,       
    ()     (  )      
            
 
        ,   ,    
      -    
 
   -   ,         ,
 
 ,        
   ,
, ,            
        ,    '     
6.     
20
Easy2Siksha
         '     ,   
                
            ,  
           '    ,   
           
   ,               
     ,        (...) 
  ,    ,     
      
   
7.    
         '      
 
  ,              ,   
              
      ,   
        ,
          
 
,           ,
     ,          

         ,       
 
8. -    
  ,                  
   ,           '   ,
   
            
      
 ,              
              
     ,             

   ,   , , ,      
              '   ,
        '   ,   
              ,   
  
       ,              
                
                

 
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8.            -    
:        ,         
        ,    
           -    
      '          :
1.  
                 ,
          ,  
                
  
    
 ,     
    ,            ,
              
2.     
      ,    
      
        
     
      
 ,       
                
             
       ,    
 
3.  
     ,    ,        
     , ,       ,
                
   ,           
     ,      (FDI)    
    
         
 
4.      
           ,   
             
            

  ,  ,      , 
         ,         ,
              ,
     
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5.     
       ,        
         ,       ,  
              
      
       
 ,        
     ,  
       ,          

6. 
-       '       
       '        ,
       
      
    ,        ,      
             
 ,                  
  
7.  -     
             ' 
         ,     
   ,           
                
                 
         
8.     
               
    ,  ,           
  
  ,       -  

 ,            
    ,      - -  
    ,      '     
9.        
              
                
 ,     ,       
 '            ,
23
Easy2Siksha
                   
   
10.    
               ,    
  ,              
       ,    
  ,          '  
              ,  
         ,        
 
11.      
      ,         '  
 ,              
,         ,         
           ,      
               
12.    
                  
 '              
,       ,       
         
         
  ,       
     
13.            
             
           ,   
     
,          
     
            
          ,      
 
 ,                 
 ,     ,         , -  
,          ,  
              
:       Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         